Only pollinator fig wasps have males that collaborate to release their females from figs of an Asian fig tree

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Only pollinator fig wasps have males that collaborate to release their females from figs of an Asian fig tree.

Male insects rarely collaborate with each other, but pollinator fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) are said to be an exception. Immature fig wasps feed on galled ovules located inside figs, the inflorescences of Ficus species (Moraceae). After mating, adult pollinator males chew communal exit-holes that allow mated females (which are often also their siblings) to escape. Figs also support non-p...

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Figs and fig wasps

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Between-species facilitation by male fig wasps in shared figs

1. Facilitation, where one species helps another without cost or benefit to itself, is recorded from diverse plant-insect interactions, including pollination and herbivory. We investigated the significance of facilitation resulting from the behaviour of pollinator fig wasps inside figs shared with other species. Fig wasp females emerge from natal figs via exit holes dug by pollinator and some o...

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Mutualists with attitude: coevolving fig wasps and figs

The intimate mutualism between fig wasps and figs has long captivated biologists, and new phylogenies are now uncovering its evolutionary history. Fig-pollinating wasps evolved just once, but fig parasitism has evolved repeatedly and convergently. Figs and their pollinators appear to have co-speciated considerably, but not invariably, because the famous one-to-one rule of specificity is often b...

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Interactions between pollinator and non-pollinator fig wasps: correlations between their numbers can be misleading

23 Ficus and their species–specific pollinator fig wasps represent an obligate plant-insect 24 mutualism, but figs also support a community of non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs) 25 that consist of gall makers and parasitoids/inquilines. We studied interactions between 26 Kradibia tentacularis, the pollinator of a dioecious fig tree species Ficus montana, and 27 an undescribed NPFW Sycoscapter sp...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Biology Letters

سال: 2011

ISSN: 1744-9561,1744-957X

DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.1016